| Age, mean (SD) years |
41.0 (17.3) |
40.9 (18.4) |
41.1 (16.5) |
0.97 |
| Gender, male, n (%) |
28 (62.2) |
15 (62.5) |
13 (61.9) |
0.97 |
| Admission APACHE-II, mean (SD) |
13.0 (5.8) |
11.8 (5.6) |
14.0 (5.9) |
0.27 |
| Admission SOFA score, mean (SD) |
5.0 (2.9) |
5.2 (3.0) |
4.7 (2.8) |
0.62 |
| Primary Diagnosis |
| Infection |
20 (44.4) |
11 (45.8) |
9 (42.9) |
0.84 |
| Poisoning/Toxin related disease |
17 (37.8) |
8 (33.3) |
9 (42.9) |
| Autoimmune disease |
2 (4.4) |
1 (4.2) |
1 (4.8) |
| Malignancy |
2 (4.4) |
2 (8.3) |
0 (0) |
| Respiratory disease |
2 (4.4) |
1 (4.2) |
1 (4.8) |
| Other |
2 (4.4) |
1 (4.2) |
1 (4.8) |
| Laboratory parameters at admission |
| Urea (mg/dl), mean (SD) |
39.8 (24.9) |
40.1 (22.3) |
39.4 (28.4) |
0.92 |
| Albumin(g/dL), mean (SD) |
3.2 (0.9) |
3.0 (0.8) |
3.5 (0.9) |
0.07 |
| Sodium (mmol/L), mean (SD) |
134.9 (5.7) |
133.6 (4.5) |
136.3 (6.6) |
0.17 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L), mean (SD) |
16.3 (5.2) |
17.01 (6.0) |
15.5 (4.1) |
0.39 |
| Treatment Details |
| Non-invasive ventilation |
16 (35.6) |
8 (33.3) |
8(38.1) |
0.74 |
| Invasive Ventilation |
22 (48.9) |
12 (50) |
10 (47.6) |
0.87 |
| Shock requiring vasopressors |
19 (42.2) |
9 (37.5) |
10 (47.6) |
0.49 |
| Any Opioid use |
25 (56.8) |
13 (56.5) |
12 (57.1) |
0.97 |
| Any Benzodiazepine use |
28 (62.2) |
13 (54.2) |
15 (71.4) |
0.23 |
| Outcomes |
| Delirium |
22 (48.9) |
10 (41.7) |
12(57.1) |
0.30 |
| In-hospital mortality |
5 (11.1) |
3 (12.5) |
2 (9.5) |
0.75 |
| Day of onset of delirium, Median, IQR |
1 (1-2) |
1 (1-2.3) |
1(1-3) |
0.65 |
| ICU length of stay, Median, IQR |
5 (4-8) |
4.5 (3.3-8.5) |
5 (4-8) |
0.99 |
| Ventilator-free days, Median, IQR |
25 (20.5-27.3) |
25 (20.3-27) |
25 (18-28) |
0.93 |
| Hospital length of stay, Median, IQR |
11.5 (8-21.3) |
13 (8.5-17.5) |
11 (8-34) |
0.10 |
| Safety Outcomes |
| Any adverse effect† |
4 (8.9) |
1 (4.3) |
3 (14.3) |
0.25 |
| QTc Prolongation |
3 (6.7) |
1 (4.3) |
2 (9.5) |
0.50 |
| Neurological complications |
1 (2.2) |
0 (0) |
1 (4.8) |
0.29 |
| Other complications† |
9 (20.0) |
4 (17.4) |
5 (23.8) |
0.60 |