Author/year Design Setting Population/ sample Intervention(s) or Goal Outcome Results Strengths/ Weaknesses Implications
Marcantonio et al., 2022[@192886] Prospective diagnostic test study 2 hospitals in NE U.S. 527 patients and 399 clinicians Establish diagnostic accuracy of smart tablet-based delirium assessment protocol Accuracy of assessment protocol compared to research standard delirium assessment UB-2 Accuracy: 69% CNA’s, 73% nurses, 70% physicians
2-step protocol accuracy: 89% nurses, 87% physicians
Large sample, clinicians blinded to standard assessment results

Few assessments per provider, limited provider training
Smart tablet app-based delirium identification protocol was feasible, quick, and accurate.
Van Sleuwan et al.,
2021[@192887]
Retrospective, single centre, observational cohort study Single, academic hospital in NE U.S. 373 adults undergoing EEG to evaluate altered mental status Development of EEG tool to quantify delirium severity Correlation of E-CAM (EEG tool) with CAM-S E-CAM-S scores correlate with clinical CAM-S scores (r=0.68; p < 0.001) Automated EEG approach

Heterogeneous sample, single centre, CAM-S performed by multiple providers
E-CAM-S is a promising automated tool for physiologically based monitoring of delirium severity
Yang et al., 2021[@192888] Human cell and mouse study Academic centre in U.S. Inbred C57B/L6J and Cx3cr1GFP mice (males and females; 12-16 weeks old) Determine effects of omega-3 fatty acids on neuroimmune interactions after orthopaedic surgery Multiple, including measure of delirium like behavior in mice and development of BBB-on-chip platform Omega-3 fatty acids reduced delirium-like behavior and blood-brain-barrier impairment Novel, new BBB-on chip platform

Focused on IL-1\(\beta\) as while the immune response in delirium is complex. Preclinical nature limits clinical applications currently
BBB-on-chip device with primary human cells can be used to characterise neuroimmune interactions
Omega-3 fatty acids may protect the BBB from surgery-induced neuroinflammation and protect against surgery-induced attention deficits