Author/year	Design	Setting	Population/ sample	Intervention(s)	Outcome	Results	Strengths/ Weaknesses	Implications
Deeken et al., 2022[@192881]	Stepped-wedge cluster RCT	5 German tertiary medical centres	1470 patients, aged 70 years or older undergoing elective surgery	Multi-component delirium prevention program	Postoperative delirium incidence	Unadjusted relative risk [RR], 0.67 [95%CI, 0.48 to 0.93] in noncardiac surgery patients	Large study with validated assessment tool No effect on delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery	Multi-component delirium prevention program reduced delirium incidence in noncardiac surgery patients
Park et al., 2022[@192883]	Retrospective case-control study	Single, level 1 trauma centre in U.S.	712 patients aged 65 years or older seen for traumatic injury, not undergoing an operation	Implementation of geriatric best practices	Delirium incidence	Adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.54 [95%CI, 0.37 to 0.80]	Broad inclusion criteria Assessments performed by nursing staff could cause heterogeneity, pre-post design	Multidisciplinary clinical pathway for injured older adults was associated with reduced delirium incidence
Zhang et al., 2021[@192884]	Double blinded, RCT	Single level 1 trauma centre in China	170 children (aged 3-7) undergoing ENT surgery	Pre-operative breathing training	Emergence delirium	10.4% (intervention) vs 35.1% (control) delirium incidence p<0.001	Novel, well-match groups Small sample, single centre study could limit external validity	Breathing training during the preoperative visit in decreased incidence of emergence delirium.